POLAR BEAR





SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

COMMON NAME:

polar bear

KINGDOM:

Animalia

PHYLUM:

Chordata

CLASS:

Mammalia

ORDER:

Carnivora

FAMILY:

Ursidae

GENUS SPECIES:

Ursus (bear) maritimus (sea)


FAST FACTS

DESCRIPTION:

Polar bears are the largest land carnivore. Adapted for the cold, polar bears have a thick fur coat that appears white in coloration, but is really translucent. Their black skin color is readily apparent on the nose, eyes, lips and footpads. In addition to their size and color, polar bears may also be distinguished from other bear species by their smaller ears, longer necks and the lack of a dorsal hump in adults.

MALE

Adult male polar bears, called boars, are substantially larger than adult females.

SIZE:

At birth, cubs are about 30 cm (12 in.) long

MALE

2.5-3 m (8.2-9.8 ft.) long

FEMALE

2-2.5 m (6.6-8.2 ft.) long

WEIGHT:

Newborn calves weigh about 454-680 g (16-24 oz.)

MALE

350-650 kg (772-1,433 lb.)

FEMALE

150-250 kg (331-551 lb.)

DIET:

Adult polar bears need an average of 2 kg (4.4 lb.) of fat per day to maintain their weight. Their diet includes mostly ringed and bearded seals and also includes other seal species, walruses, narwhals, beluga whales, whale carcasses, fish, reindeer, birds, eggs, berries and kelp.

GESTATION:

About 8 months; includes about a 4 month period of delayed implantation

ESTRAL PERIOD

Females are induced ovulators; mating triggers the release of an egg for fertilization

NURSING DURATION

18-30 months (wean)

SEXUAL MATURITY:

MALE

About 6 years

FEMALE

About 4 years

LIFE SPAN:

Typically 15-18 years; some have lived over 30 years

RANGE:

Circumpolar arctic

HABITAT:

Inhabit Arctic sea ice, water, islands, and continental coastlines

POPULATION:

GLOBAL

Estimated at 21,500-25,000

STATUS:

IUCN

Lower Risk/Conservation Dependent

CITES

Appendix II

USFWS

Not listed


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